Using the right leadership style at the right time
According to Daniel Goleman, there are six leadership styles which are associated with
the various elements of emotional intelligence in different combinations.
The art of leadership is to master all of the styles and use each style appropriately
as the circumstances demand, just as a multilingual person would speak in the language
appropriate to the country or audience.
Goleman's six styles are as follows - and I have added my own name to describe
each style in vivid terms:
The Coercive Style of Leadership
'The Dictator'
This is the dominant 'macho' leadership style. It is appropriate in emergencies and
severe situations, but otherwise will tend to disempower and disillusion subordinates.
The Authoritative Style of Leadership
'The Visionary'
This style focuses on the goal or vision of the future and inspires others to follow.
This is appropriate when a new direction is required or a clarification of the
goals to be achieved.
The Affiliative Style of Leadership
'The People Person'
Here there is a focus on people, teambuilding, bonding and forging alliances.
This style is useful in creating teams or for healing dysfunctional relationships.
The Democratic Style of Leadership
'The Listener'
This is a useful style to adopt when attempting to involve a wide range of people in
decision making or building a consensus.
The Pacesetting Style of Leadership
'The Superman/Superwoman'
Using this style, the leader sets an example by working to extremely high standards
of performance. This is useful to raise the stakes when a competent and motivated
team is working well.
The Coaching Style of Leadership
'The Nurturer'
This style focuses on helping to improve people's strengths, and is especially
useful in building skills to develop managers and future leaders.
Most people will tend towards one particular style as their 'natural' or 'default' style,
but be comfortable and competent in two or three different roles. The complete leader,
however, will be 'fluent in all languages', a master of all six, using them skillfully as
appropriate, being one minute a 'dictator' and later a 'listener' as events require.
All of these styles are useful at different times, but used at the wrong time they can be
disastrous, for example, too much listening when immediate action is required, or only
providing a vision when a team needs building or rebuilding.
Four of the styles will consistently improve the 'climate' of an organisation,
(ie people's commitment, confidence, creativity and clarity of purpose), whereas
two are potentially damaging to this climate and must therefore be used sparingly.
The two potentially negative styles are the Coercive (Dictator) and
Pacesetting (Superman/woman) styles.
Research has shown that it is the Authoritative [Visionary] Style of leadership
which has the greatest consistently positive effect on the 'climate' of an organisation.
Read more about Emotional Intelligence
Read more about Inspirational Leadership
"The best leaders don't know just one style of leadership - they are skilled at several,
and have the flexibility to switch between styles as the circumstances dictate."
- Daniel Goleman.
Read more about Leadership workshops
Note: This web page is not intended to provide comprehensive coverage of the subject, merely a brief introduction to provoke thought and to lead to a more in depth understanding and application of the topic, either through further reading - or from me as your management consultant, executive trainer or personal coach in a consultancy project, training course, workshop or seminar.
References and Further Reading
Goleman, Daniel. Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review. March - April 2000.